Hydraulic testing machine



July 21, 1936. F w. PRESTON HYDRAULIC TESTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 6, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet l July 21, 1936. w, PRESTQN 2,048,027

HYDRAULIC TESTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 6, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 III/II.

INVENTOR j Wm July 21, 1936. w PRESTON 2,048,027

HYDRAULIC TESTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 6. 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR Patented July 21, 1936 UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,048,027 HYDRAULIC TESTING MACHINE Frank W. Preston, Butler, Pa.

Application August 6, 1934, Serial No. 738,575

4 Claims.

My invention relates to hydraulic testing machines; andinore particularly to apparatus for submitting bottles and other hollow articles to internally-applied liquid pressure for the purpose 5' of determining the strength thereof.

IOne object of my invention is to provide means whereby hydraulic: pressure may be created withinJan article without the necessity of employing any greater: quantity of liquid than that which is 10* directly contained within the bottle.

f Anotherxobjecteof my invention is to provide means. whereby a mechanically-operated plunger device'is iemployed for the purpose of displacing liquid'within-a'n article to be tested, in combina- 15 tion with apparatus for insuring regularity or uniformity of tlnusting pressures.

. Stillanother' object of my invention is to provide an improved form of sealing device for the mouth of thearticle to be tested- A'iurther object of my invention is to provide a-testing; machine of.the character referred to l which is of simple form and of great efiiciency and accuracy'in operation. v

--=ne formwhich my'invention may take is 25, shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure l is a front elevational" view of a machine;

Fig. 2 is aside view thereof partly in section; Fig.

8- is a-sectional view, on anenlarged scale, of a portion of the structm'e of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a view so taken on.- the line of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a vertical'sectional .view; on an enlarged scale, of

certain the packing and sealing devices Fig. 6

isaview taken 'on'the line VI-'--VI of Fig. 5; Fig. 7

isiat: sectional view showing a modification of the 35, quill adjusting member of Fig. 3'; and Fig. 8 is a plan view thereof.

As'.shown more clearly in Fig. 3 of the drawings, the structure includes a; base 8 and intermediate frame-member 9 an upper frame member I'll and a-guide bracket; H. These members may bein the formant-castings and-are suitably bolted together-. The apparatus is shown as mounted on a tablelzundenwhich may be placed a receptacle l3 ;f or broken'glass and water.

45 AA. clamping jaw Hi (Fig.4) is detachably securedtothe base 8 and a jaw I5 is pivotally connectedto the base by a pivot bolt l6. A spring l1 yieldably holds the jaw l5 in open position with respect to: the .jaw l4, and the jaw I5 is moved to 50 closed position for gripping a bottle neck, by a 'cam lever l8 thatis pivotally connected at l9 to the base. Whenthelever i8 is swung to releasedposition, thespring I! will, of course, move the jaw .l 5 -to open position.

filacn oifi-the jaws l4 and I5 is provided with asemi-circular bushing 2| containing a-removable liner or bushing 22 of yieldable material, so that the neck of a bottle will not be directly engaged by the metal members 2|. The bushings 2| are 7 removable so that other bushings of a curvature It or radius to fit bottle necks of dilierent sizes can be substituted. The packing elements 22 are also readily replaceable.

A quill '24 is slidably mounted in extensions 25,

25 and 21 of the bracket H, and is held against 10 rotation therein by screws 28 that extend into the bracket extension 25, and at their inner ends engage avertical slot or keywa'y in the upper portion of the quill. A nut 29 is rotatably supported between the bracket extensions 26 and 21, and is provided with a handle 30. The nut has threaded engagement with square cut threads on the quill so that when the handle 30' is swung to and fro, the quill will be raised and lowered for short distances.

Owing to the short range of vertical movements possiblewith the nut 29, it may be necessary to effect vertical adjustments of the quill relative to the nut so that the lower end of the quill will have a proper field of movement to'suit bottle necks of various lengths. In order to elfect this adjustment, the screws 28 can be turned outwardly from engagement with the slot in the quill, whereupon the quill may be rotated a partial revolution to bring another slot into alignment 30 withithe screws 28, or can be given a complete turn, or more than a complete turn, whereupon the screws 28 are again moved into locking position.

A plunger 32 which is of thicker cross section in its upper portion, for strength, and at its lower portion is of reduced thickness so that such lower end may enter small-mouthed bottles, extends through the quill. The plunger is preferably of non-corrodible metal, and extends through guide bearings 33 and 34 on the frame member I0. 'I'oward its lower end, the plunger extendsthrou'gh a guide bearing or bushing 35 that is mounted in the upper end of the quill, and through a stufling box 36, the stufling box being provided with hydraulic packing 31 that is held in place by a gland 38 to prevent water leaking upwardly past the stuffing box.

A sealing ring 39 is contained in the lower end of the quill and is held therein by a locking ring 4|. The sealing ring, as shown. more clearly in Fig. 5, is provided with annular washers or rings 12 onits upper and lower faces which may be of vulcanized rubber, portions 43 of which extend through the metal ring 39, to hold the annuli 42 in place.

A spur gear 45 is keyed to the plunger 32 by a set screw 43 andsupports weights 41, any desired number of which may be employed. The weights are held in place by a nut 48 that has screw-threaded engagement'with the plunger 32.

A lifting member or yoke 49 is slidable along the plunger 32' and carries a ball bearing 59, which, when 'theyoke is in' raised position to support the plunger 32 and the weights carried thereby in elevated position, will reduce friction between the gear wheel and the yoke.

held against rotative movements.

Chains 52 and 53 are connected at their' outer ends to the yokeor crosshead 49 and pass over The sprocket wheels are secured-to a common shaft that is journalled in the upper framework l0 and sprocket wheels 54 and 55, respectively.

the inner end of; the chain 53 is secured to its sprocketwheell55. The inner end of the chain 52 is' connected to a piston rod 56 which extends into a'power cylinder 51, sothat when the piston within the'cylinder 51 is operated, the. sprocket wheelswill be oscillated to lower'and raise the cross head 49. The weight of the -plunger, together with the parts: carried thereby, will'effect downward movement of the cross head, while fluid pressure. supplied through a port'59in the upper end of the cylinder 51,1will effect lifting movement; of the cross head 49 and the plunger ;32.

The cylinder 5'I-is'provided with a second port 15!) Eso" that when fluid is admitted through the-port 59, exhaust will tak'e'place through the port-69,

and-when fluid is, admitted through .the port 69,

exhaust will be had through the port 59. I

:The gear-wheel'45 meshes with a wide faced ;pini0n 6| that is mounted on a shaft which carriesa-worm gear '62-; the worm gear-being driven from a worm shaft 63 that is connected through aflexmaterial carried by'the plunger. The rotative movement has theffurther effect. of increasing the life of theplunger bearings or guides, H

In operation," a bottle .61,. nearly 2 filled with water or o-therliquid, is'placed between the jaws, I4 and l 5, whereupon the, cam lever i8 is swung to" theposition shown in Fig. 4, to close the ring I 5 and efiect gripping of the bottle neck'betw'een the jaw bushings 22, as shown more clearlylin Figs. 2 and 5. The handle 39 is then'svvungto move the quill 24 down until the sealing ring 39" engage the mouth offthebottle. Water, under some pressure, is then admitted tothe lower end of the cylinder 51; thus permitting the plunger 32 to move downwardly-Winder the influence of: the weights 4! and other moving parts carried by the plunger." As the lower end of the plunger 32 enters'the bottle, it will displace the water'there in and createan internal pressure within the bottle, to a degree dependent upon the'weight'of the plunger and the members carried thereby.

The crosshead, by reason of its weighhwill'con- One end of the yoke 49 extends through a slotted plate 5| which I is secured to the frame Ill, so that the yoke is 1. Hydraulic testing appa V V means for supporting a liquid-containing 'recepe tinue to descend'until it is clear of thegear wheel 45, so that it will not at its lowest position support any of the weight carried by the plunger 32. The parts may be permitted to remain'in' this position for one minute, or any other desired period of time. p a V V 7 Where pressure readings are required, I; provide a gauge 59 that has connection through a conduit 19 with the interior of the sealing ring 39. There. is some slight clearance between the inner periphery of the sealing ringjand theplunger'32,

so that pressure developed withinthe bottle may 7 be registered by the gauge 69. V

In order to raise the plunger, fluid under pres- "sure is admitted through port 59 to the'upper end ,otthe cylinder, thereby causing upward move- 'nient of the cross head which is again brought:

intoengagement with'the hub of the gear wheel 45 andits movement continued until the parts are restored to the positions shown in the drawings. The handle 3flrmay thenbe swung to raise the; quill and the cam lever 18 'moved to. permit" opening ofthe neck;clamp. 1

a ,In' order. to protect-the operator, and to catch the broken glass, I provide a guide chute 12 that: ispivotally supported at 13-.fromthe table l2 and which discharges into the receptacle I 3. 1 Ordi-- narily, the outer portion of. the chute 12 will hang} by its own weight inloweredpositionsso'as to:

present no obstructionto the placingof a 'bottleg- After abo'ttle isplaced,.the chutewillibei' tilted to itsupright.position, and will beheldthere by-a springf:clip 14; Upon liftinglofth spring climw thechute willswing. about its pivot 13 to its loweredpositionrf V w The plunger 32 may suitably be made'in' sec tions which are joined together at 151(Fig :3).

This arrangement facilitates separation of the plunger so that parts carried-bytheintermediate framework 9 'canibe readily'replaced and repaired without disturbing the parts abovewthe joint;15.

It will be seenthat since'the only liquid re 7 quiredin connection. with each testing operation isgthat: contained 'withinithe .bottle, there is no I necessity for employing liquid supply lines and pumps therefor, nor .is there any considerable loss of water when a bottle breaks under test,1such as occurswhere a liquid supply line 'is employed;

Again'; I avoid the disagreeable feature ofhaving; toicontend'twith largegvolumes iof water'which 1 would be discharged, from a liquid pressure, line in caseof bottlebreakage. Also; desired changes ins'testingpressures can'be readily efiected, and" be madesimply through the removal and place-.

ment of weights. 7 e

.: Referring. to Figs. '7 and 8; 'I

show means for vertically adjusting the-quill 24, without'the' DB1 cessity of looseningthescrews 28. interiorly V threaded nut 29a is provided with a handle 3lld' having a hub whichis rotata'bly mounted' on the. 1 nut. The-hub carries a spring pressedv locking l pin 11 which enters oneor a pluralityof circum ferentially-spaced holes 18 provided in the nut, thereby 'detachably locking the nut and the ban? dle together to allow for short adjustment 'of'the .quill. At its lower e dge, "th;e nuns drilled for" th'erece'p'tionof a spanner wrench, whereby, upon pulling out of the pin Tl, the 'nutmay belitiirned to raise or lower' the quillthrough'a desired .dis-' tance, without'rnovin'g thehandle, U

* I claim as my inventionr tacle with its mouth upwardly exposed, i a vertiratus "ceniprijs'ing,

v V 40:" otfthe apparatus Y cally movable quill for sealing the mouth of the receptacle, a plunger movable through said quill and into the receptacle, a Weight device for moving the plunger down, means for raising the plunger, and means for efiecting reverse movement of the raising means, independently of the plunger.

2. Hydraulic testing apparatus comprising means for supporting a liquid-containing receptacle with its mouth upwardly exposed, a vertically movable quill for sealing the mouth of the receptacle, a plunger movable through said quill and into the receptacle, a weight device for moving the plunger down, and means for raising the plunger, the weight device being rotatable with the plunger.

3. Hydraulic testing apparatus comprising means for supporting a liquid-containing receptacle with its mouth vertically exposed, a quill mounted above the said mouth, a sealing ring carried by the lower end of the quill in position to be moved against the mouth of the receptacle, means for raising and lowering the quill, a liquid displacement plunger movable through the quill and into the receptacle, and means for rotating the plunger relative to the quill during movement of the plunger.

4. Hydraulic testing apparatus comprising means for supporting a liquid-containing receptacle with its mouth upwardly exposed, a vertically-movable quill for sealing the mouth of the receptacle, a plunger movable through said quill and into the receptacle, a weight device for moving the plunger down, a lifting device for the plunger, and means for efiecting reverse movement of the lifting device through a greater distance than the downward distance of plunger travel and out of supporting engagement with the plunger.

FRANK W. PRESTON. 

